| Regulation | Operating Reserves | Ramp Up | Ramp Down | Uncertainty | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regulation Up | Regulation Down | Spinning Reserve | Supplemental Reserve | ||||
| Description | Correct upward frequency deviations | Correct downward frequency deviations | Contingency reserve from online capacity | Contingency reserve from offline capacity | Follow expected upward net-load ramps | Follow expected downward net-load ramps | Cover upward net-load forecast error |
| Accept offers | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Response time | 4 seconds | 4 seconds | 10 minutes | 10 minutes | 5 minutes | 5 minutes | 60 minutes |
| Duration requirement | 60 minutes | 60 minutes | 60 minutes | 60 minutes | 5 minutes | 5 minutes | 60 minutes |
| Requirement | 400–900 MW | 400–800 MW | 500–1,000 MW | 600–1,000 MW | 200–1,800 MW | 200–1,700 MW | 0–4,100 MW |
| 2025 DA average ($/MWh) | $14.49 | $4.17 | $6.02 | $1.00 | $2.85 | <$0.01 | $0.36 |