~57%
of electricity is contracted within SOE corporate groups and never reaches a public exchange
How Poland's vertically integrated SOEs self-balance generation against retail load
SOE group (e.g. PGE)
~57% stays here
Coal and gas plants
Baseload, dispatchable
Trading arm (BRP)
Nets positions internally
Retail customers
Regulated tariffs
Generation and demand are matched within the group. The BRP submits a net schedule to PSE.
Net surplus or shortfall reaches the market:
Net position
Near real-time
Remaining deviation
Day-ahead (TGE)
Intraday
PSE balancing